The same signed cards as the trainer above, in one list to read or print.
- Relevant, nonrelevant, false: what separates them?
- Cause. Relevant: leakage field from a real discontinuity. Nonrelevant: real leakage, but from a design or permeability feature (thread root, keyway, section change, joint). False: no leakage field at all; particles held by residue, roughness, lint or drainage.Topic: relevant, nonrelevant and false indications
- Suspected false indication: first check?
- Clean the area and reprocess the same way. Gone: likely residue, drainage or lint. Returns: leakage, or surface texture that holds particles. If it returns, change the field direction before deciding.Topic: false indications, verification by reprocessing
- Settling test vs water-break test: what does each show?
- Settling test: particle concentration, and any contamination layer. Water-break test: whether a water-based bath wets the part in an unbroken film.Topic: bath checks, settling test and water-break test
- Checking UV-A: which meter, where, when?
- A UV-A radiometer, sensor at the examination surface, after lamp warm-up. A white-light meter cannot read UV-A. White light in the booth is a separate reading.Topic: UV-A and white-light measurement
- Electromagnetic vs permanent-magnet yoke: key contrast?
- An electromagnetic yoke can be switched off before lifting. A permanent magnet cannot, so lifting can disturb indications and it draws loose steel. Its strength is also fixed.Topic: portable yokes
- Duty cycle 10% with 3 s shots: minimum start-to-start time?
- Duty cycle = on-time / total cycle. 3 s / 0.10 = 30 s per cycle. Exercise numbers; real ratings come from the maker's data plate.Topic: power pack duty cycle
- Inherent, processing, service: where does each arise?
- Inherent: from solidification and primary forming (pipe, porosity, inclusions). Processing: from forming, welding, heat treatment, finishing (laps, quench and grinding cracks). Service: in use (fatigue, stress corrosion).Topic: inherent, processing and service discontinuities
- Seam, lamination, stringer, lap: one clue each?
- Seam: long, straight, along the rolling direction. Lamination: planar at mid-thickness, seen on a cut edge. Stringer: short, scattered inclusion streaks. Lap: a fold, from forging or rolling.Topic: rolled and forged product discontinuities
- Retentivity vs coercive force?
- Retentivity: how much magnetism stays when the field is removed. Coercive force: the reverse field needed to bring it back to zero. High values of both make a part harder to demagnetize.Topic: hysteresis loop terms
- Circular vs longitudinal field: which flaws does each find?
- Each field finds discontinuities that cross it. Circular (current through the part) finds flaws along the length. Longitudinal (coil or yoke) finds flaws across the part.Topic: circular and longitudinal fields
- Right-hand rule: straight conductor vs coil?
- Conductor: thumb along conventional current, fingers show the circular field. Coil: fingers along the current in the turns, thumb shows the field direction and the north end.Topic: right-hand rules
- Which stainless steel can be examined with MT, and why?
- Hardenable martensitic grades (such as Type 410) are ferromagnetic. Annealed austenitic grades (such as Type 304 or 316) are not. Cold work can create some magnetic behavior in 304.Topic: magnetic materials and austenitic stainless